Energy for Sustainable Development
The Journal of the International Energy Initiative
© 2007, International Energy Initiative, Inc.
ISSN: 0973-0826

Volume XII, No.2, June 2008, pp. 56-65

Abstract

Full Text

A laboratory comparison of the global warming impact of five major types of biomass cooking stoves

Nordica MacCarty, Damon Ogle, Dean Still, Tami Bond, and Christoph Roden

Abstract

With over 2 billion of the world's population living in families using biomass to cook every day, the possibility of improved stoves helping to mitigate climate change is generating increasing attention. With their emissions of CO₂, methane, and black carbon, among other substances, is there a cleaner, practical option to provide to the families that will need to continue to use biomass for cooking? This study served to help quantify the relative emissions from five common types of biomass combustion in order to investigate if there are cleaner options. The laboratory results showed that for situations of sustainable harvesting where CO₂ emissions are considered neutral, some improved stoves with rocket-type combustion or fan assistance can reduce overall warming impact from the products of incomplete combustion (PICs) by as much as 50-95%. In non-sustainable situations where fuel and CO₂ savings are of greater importance, three types of improved combustion methods were shown to potentially reduce warming by 40-60%. Charcoal-burning may emit less CO₂ than traditional wood-burning, but the PIC emissions are significantly greater.

Key-words: improved cookstoves, global warming, carbon dioxide, methane, soot, black carbon, products of incomplete combustion, sustainable harvesting, biomass